SUBURBANIZATION IN THE SEVENTIES: The “Push-Pull” Hypothesis Revisited

ABSTRACT: This article compares the effects of “push” and “pull” factors on decisions of white and black households without children to move from central cities to the suburbs. Unlike previous studies where the independent and dependent variables are aggregate characteristics of the metropolitan areas or individual suburbs, in this article the units are individual households and the variables characteristics of these households or the metropolitan area where they live. The data suggest that black and white decisions are affected by the same variables in the same way, and that blacks and whites are equally likely to move to the suburbs. We also find that both groups tend to move away from the central cities of metropolitan areas with large black populations and in which housing is relatively concentrated in the suburbs, consistent with both the “push” and “pull” hypotheses. However, neither racial group was apparently influenced by job suburbanization or central city crime rates, which is inconsistent with these hypotheses.     

On the Thermoelastic Martensitic Transformation in Tetragonal Zirconia

Recent evidence is summarized showing that the tetragonal ( t ) → monoclinic ( m ) martensitic transformation in ZrO₂ can occur thermoelastically in certain ZrO₂-containing ceramics, and that microcracking accompanying the transformation is more common than had previously been recognized. The implications of these new data for the conditions under which the stress-induced transformation is irreversible, and for the particle size dependence of the transformation start ( M _s), temperature, are discussed.     

Erectile responses among heterosexual child molesters, father-daughter incest offenders, and matched non-offenders: Five distinct age preference profiles.

Studied erectile responses to pictures of nude females ranging in age from 3–24 yrs in 21 incest offenders, 40 nonfamilial child molesters, and 22 non-offender Ss approximately matched on socioeconomic status (SES), intelligence, and age. Profiles of erectile responses, plotting percent of full erection over age of target stimulus, were drawn for each individual S. These profiles were sorted into 5 distinct profile shapes reflecting: (1) a failure to discriminate among the stimuli, or a clear preference for either (2) adults, (3) adults and teens, (4) children, or (5) children and adults. Nonoffenders primarily showed adult profiles, while incest offenders displayed either a nondiscriminating profile or an adult preference pattern. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

刻蚀实现双重图形的前景

双重图形需要更新更苛刻的刻蚀能力，要求低于1.5nm CD均匀性、图形收缩和原位多层刻蚀。     

Cultivar, Maturity, and Heat Treatment on Lycopene Content in Tomatoes

Using high performance liquid chromatography, tomato cultivars which contain the Crimson gene (og) were usually found to have higher lycopene content (5086 to 5786 μg/100 g fresh weight) than those cultivars lacking the gene (2622 to 4318 μg/100 g fresh weight). A comparison of the color readings taken from tomatoes at the equatorial region with those of the homogenate prepared from the same region showed that the hue of tomato homogenate was a better indicator of lycopene content than tomato surface hue. The tomatoes' lycopene content was not affected by ethylene treatment or cooking for 4, 8, and 16 min at 100 °C.     

Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing and apolipoprotein gene expression in the liver of hyperinsulinemic fatty zucker rats: Relationship to very low density lipoprotein composition

We previously demonstrated increased apolipoprotein B (apoB) mRNA editing, elevated levels of mRNA for the catalytic component of the apoB mRNA editing complex, apobec-1, and increased secretion of the product of the edited mRNA, apoB48, in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) in primary cultures of Sprague-Dawley rat hepatocytes following insulin treatment. In order to determine the effect of in vivo hyperinsulinemia on these processes, we determined apoB mRNA editing, apobec-1 expression, hepatic expression of mRNA for apoB and other VLDL apoproteins, and the quantity and composition of plasma VLDL in the hyperinsulinemic fatty Zucker rat. Total apoB mRNA content of the livers of the fatty rats and lean littermates did not differ, however, edited apoB message coding for hepatic apo B48, and abundance of mRNA for the catalytic subunit of the apoB mRNA editing complex, apobec-1, was increased by 1.7-and 3.3-fold, respectively, in fatty rats. ApoCIII mRNA abundance was increased in livers of fatty rats as well, but the abundance of hepatic apoE mRNA in the fatty animal was not different from that of the lean rat. Hepatic apoAI mRNA abundance was also increased in the fatty rats. Associated with increased apoB mRNA editing, was the 1.7-fold increase in the fraction of apoB in plasma as apoB48 in fatty rats. VLDL-triglyceride and-apoB in plasma were 15-and 3-fold higher, respectively, in fatty Zucker rats compared to lean littermates, indicating both enrichment of VLDL with triglycerides and increased accumulation of VLDL particles. Increased hepatic expression of mRNA for apoCIII and apoAI was associated with increased content of apoC (and relative depletion of apoE) in VLDL of fatty rats, and plasma apoAI was increased in fatty Zucker rats, primarily in the HDL fraction. The current study provides further evidence that chronic exposure to high levels of insulin influences both the quantity of and lipid/apoprotein composition of VLDL in plasma. The increased apoC and decreased apoE (as well as increased triglyceride) content of VLDL in the fatty Zucker rat observed in the current study may affect VLDL clearance and therefore may be a factor in the observed accumulation of VLDL in the plasma of the fatty hyperinsulinemic Zucker rats.     

Transition to adulthood as a parent-youth project: Governance transfer, career promotion, and relational processes.

This study determined how youth (ages 17-21) and their parents jointly constructed and acted on goals and strategies pertinent to the transition to adulthood. Twenty parent-youth dyads were followed over an 8-month period using the qualitative action-project method. Data included their joint conversations, video recall of internal processes, self-monitoring logs, and researcher telephone monitoring. Detailed and repeated analysis of elements, functional steps, and goals resulted in the identification of an explicit joint project for each dyad that the participants saw as pertinent to the transition to adulthood. These projects referred broadly to the youth development of identity and social inclusion in the adult world and included the specific projects of career promotion, governance transfer, and parent-youth relational processes. The findings illustrate the complexity of the transition-to-adulthood process as well as its joint construction by parent and youth. Implications for practice include identifying and following the joint parent-youth transition project. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)